The New European Driving Cycle (NEDC) is a driving cycle, last updated in 1997 that was designed to assess the emission levels of car engines and fuel economy in passenger cars (which excludes light trucks and commercial vehicles).

Next-generation batteries can charge, recharge, and discharge quickly; often while simultaneously cutting costs. The latest generation of EV and grid scale storage batteries have a higher capacity, a higher efficiency, and are longer-lasting, than standard lithium-ion batteries. New varieties of advanced batteries last with a high capacity for 20+ years; and can charge in minutes.

The most common type of high capacity, widely used, advanced batteries being developed today are lithium-ion batteries made in combination with other metals or other elements; creating a new battery technology, like li-ion cobalt oxide. A few other examples of advanced li-ion next-gen battery technologies currently on the market include: li-ion cobalt oxide, lithium iron phosphate, li-ion silicon, li-ion manganese oxide, li-ion sulphur, and li-ion solid state. 

The best-in-class batteries based on advanced li-ion chemistry are more efficient, greener, lighter, longer lasting, often rechargable; and have a higher capacity than conventional batteries. Advanced next-gen li-ion batteries could revolutionise battery technology for electric vehicles, grid storage, commercial/ municipal buildings, RVs, boats, and other several applications.

Nickel is a chemical element with the symbol Ni and atomic number 28. Nickel is one of four elements (the others are iron, cobalt, and gadolinium) that are ferromagnetic at approximately room temperature. The metal is valuable in modern times chiefly in alloys; about 68% of world production is used in stainless steel. A further 10% is used for nickel-based and copper-based alloys, 7% for alloy steels, 3% in foundries, 9% in plating and 4% in other applications, including the fast-growing battery sector, including those in electric vehicles (EVs).

Lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxides chemistry (abbreviated Li-NMC, LNMC, NMC or NCM) involves a cathode combination of lithium, nickel, manganese and cobalt. They have the general formula LiNixMnyCozO2. Most electric vehicles manufacturers use NMC batteries.