Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are zero emissions vehicles that convert hydrogen stored on-board using a fuel cell to power an electric motor.

There are three main types of graphite: Flake, Vein, and Amorphous. Flake graphite is formed when carbon material is subjected to high pressure and high temperature. The carbon source material can be either organic or inorganic, although most commercially sourced flake graphite comes from organic deposits. The graphite is a key component in the lithium-ion batteries that electric and hybrid cars use, and it's also found in fuel cells. In fact, fuel cells require more flake graphite than lithium-ion batteries. Flake graphite is also used in vanadium-redox batteries and nuclear reactors.

A fuel cell is an electrochemical cell that converts the chemical energy of a fuel and an oxidising agent into electricity through a pair of redox reactions. Fuel cells are different from most batteries in requiring a continuous source of fuel and oxygen (usually from air) to sustain the chemical reaction, whereas in a battery the chemical energy usually comes from metals and their ions or oxides that are commonly already present in the battery, except in flow batteries. Fuel cells can produce electricity continuously for as long as fuel and oxygen are supplied.